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05-01-2025 | Original Paper

Prevalence and Stability of Internalizing Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: Gender Differences and Associated Factors

Auteurs: Alberto Segura-Frontelo, Braulio Girela-Serrano, Luis Gutiérrez-Rojas, Alejandro Porras-Segovia, Inmaculada Peñuelas-Calvo, Alex Spiers, Enrique Baca-García, María Luisa Barrigón, Juan José Carballo

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 2/2025

Abstract

This study investigates the prevalence, stability, and associated factors of internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents within a clinical setting. The sample included 299 patients aged 3–17 years from a Child and Adolescent Mental Health outpatient clinic, followed over one year. Internalizing symptoms were assessed using the parent-rated version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), completed at baseline and at one-year follow-up. Stability was evaluated using prospective consistency, retrospective consistency, kappa coefficient, and Spearman’s Rho correlations. Multivariate analyses were conducted to examine associated factors. Baseline prevalence of internalizing symptoms was 40% (95% CI: 33.4-44.8%), with moderate one-year stability (ρ = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.37-0.58). Key factors associated with internalizing symptoms at follow-up included: For girls, higher baseline SDQ emotional symptoms (OR = 2.12, p < 0.001), lower paternal education (OR = 9.70, p = 0.003), and lower SDQ hyperactivity/inattention scores (OR = 0.70, p = 0.016). For boys, comorbid externalizing symptoms (OR = 8.18, p < 0.001), maternal anxiety (OR = 2.35, p = 0.031), maternal unemployment (OR = 2.13, p = 0.043), and a sibling diagnosed with ADHD (OR = 0.10, p = 0.012). For children, peer problems (OR = 1.20, p = 0.02) and the absence of an externalizing diagnosis (OR = 0.33, p = 0.013). For adolescents, lower paternal education (OR = 5.99, p = 0.003), higher SDQ emotional symptoms scores (OR = 13.48, p < 0.001), and female gender. Gender and age differences in associated factors highlight the interplay of neurobiological and social influences. These findings underscore the importance of considering gender and age-specific factors when developing preventive and therapeutic interventions for internalizing symptoms in clinical populations.

vorige artikel The Moderating Effects of Religiosity on Depression and Paternal Involvement During Early Childhood

volgende artikel Infant Affect Regulation with Mothers and Fathers: The Roles of Parent Mental Health and Marital Satisfaction

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Titel: Prevalence and Stability of Internalizing Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: Gender Differences and Associated Factors
Auteurs: Alberto Segura-Frontelo
Braulio Girela-Serrano
Luis Gutiérrez-Rojas
Alejandro Porras-Segovia
Inmaculada Peñuelas-Calvo
Alex Spiers
Enrique Baca-García
María Luisa Barrigón
Juan José Carballo
Publicatiedatum: 05-01-2025
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 2/2025
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-024-02987-9

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Prevalence and Stability of Internalizing Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: Gender Differences and Associated Factors

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